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1981/5000 Solid-state battery applications are expected to "blossom in multiple areas"

2025-5-8

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Due to their outstanding advantages in safety and energy density, solid-state batteries are regarded as the next-generation technology of liquid batteries and have become an important development direction for power batteries, attracting many enterprises to increase their investment and layout. In the eyes of industry insiders, in the future, the technical routes of power batteries are bound to show a diversified development trend. The accelerated application of solid-state battery technology in multiple fields will inject new vitality into the sustainable development of the industry.

■ It has a wide range of applications

At present, semi-solid batteries are gradually being installed in vehicles and accelerating their progress towards commercial application. Apart from Changan and GAC, up to now, many other automakers such as NIO, BMW and Toyota have successively announced the time points for installing solid-state batteries in vehicles. Meanwhile, battery enterprises such as Weilan New Energy and Ganfeng Lithium have also publicly stated that their business covers solid-state battery-related products.

Saic Motor's IM Motors recently announced that its electric vehicle, the IM L6, is equipped with a quasi-900V ultra-fast charging "Lightyear" solid-state battery. Nio has announced that its 150kWh ultra-long-range battery pack has officially entered the mass production stage. The first 150kWh mass-produced battery pack has been officially rolled off the production line and is planned to be put into use in the second quarter. It is reported that NIO's 150kWh battery pack was released in 2021. It uses a solid-liquid mixed electrolyte and is a semi-solid battery.

It is worth mentioning that the potential application fields of solid-state batteries are not limited to electric vehicles. At present, solid-state batteries are also regarded as a key technology supporting the development of the low-altitude economy. In January this year, Lishen Battery completed the development of a brand-new generation of semi-solid batteries with an energy density of 402Wh/kg. This product will mainly target ultra-long-range mid-to-high-end electric vehicles and electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL) and other fields in the future. Previously, Lishen Battery has achieved the application of batteries with an energy density of 325Wh/kg to eVTOL.

Huajin Securities pointed out that since 2024, China has been accelerating the commercialization of eVTOL, and there is an urgent demand for batteries with high energy density, high power and high safety. Solid-state batteries perfectly meet the market demand, and the industrialization process is expected to speed up.

Research institution EVTank believes that the rise of the eVTOL industry has opened up new fields for the application of lithium batteries and next-generation battery technologies (such as all-solid-state batteries and lithium metal batteries), creating new growth momentum. Meanwhile, the advancement of battery technology can also provide a solid foundation for the large-scale and commercial development of the eVTOL industry.

■ Significant performance advantages

Some insiders point out that compared with traditional liquid batteries, solid-state batteries have higher energy density and longer cycle life, and are expected to become the candidate technology for the next generation of high-performance lithium batteries.

Take the solid-state battery released by GAC Group as an example. According to the official introduction, with the third-generation sponge silicon anode technology and high area capacity solid-state cathode technology, the energy density of the all-solid-state battery of GAC Group has reached over 400Wh/Kg, which is more than 52% higher than the volume energy density of the currently mass-produced liquid lithium-ion battery and more than 50% higher than the mass energy density.

In the development process of the lithium battery industry, the iterative upgrading of the existing material system is the key to promoting the improvement of product energy density. For instance, solid-state batteries use solid-state electrolytes instead of traditional electrolytes, thereby achieving higher energy density and safety. This belongs to the technological advancement of internal materials. Mo Ke, the founder of True Lithium Research, said in a previous interview with a reporter.

In addition, the relatively high safety of solid-state batteries is also an important reason that attracts enterprises to invest in this field. It is understood that liquid electrolytes are affected by factors such as temperature and pressure, and have the risk of combustion. In contrast, solid-state batteries use solid-state electrolytes, which have higher thermal stability and lower combustion risks, and are safer.

With multiple advantages, solid-state batteries are increasingly favored by the industry. In the eyes of industry insiders, enterprises need to dynamically adjust their product structure in response to market changes, actively and continuously carry out research and development and technological reserves on cutting-edge technologies such as solid-state batteries, in order to keep up with the pace of market development and maintain their competitiveness continuously. Solid-state batteries represent the next-generation technology direction for power batteries. Both automakers and battery enterprises must actively make plans. Wu Hui, the general manager of the Research Department of Ive Economic Research Institute and the president of China Battery Industry Research Institute, suggested.

■ Progressive development model

It is worth noting that although many enterprises have officially announced related products and provided relatively precise on-board application nodes, the commercialization process of solid-state batteries is still in its early stages, and large-scale application still faces challenges. Catl previously stated that there are three technical routes for solid-state batteries: the oxide route, the sulfide route, and the polymer route. At present, there are still many fundamental problems to be solved, such as the ion diffusion rate in most solid electrolytes being several orders of magnitude different from that in liquid electrolytes, and the solid-solid interface being difficult to maintain good contact all the time.

Against this backdrop, many enterprises in our country have chosen a progressive development path from liquid to semi-solid and then to all-solid. It is understood that compared with all-solid-state batteries, semi-solid-state batteries can be compatible with the existing liquid battery process equipment and materials, and can be mass-produced at a lower cost, thus becoming a transitional solution.

The rapid development of semi-solid batteries will lay the foundation for the early layout of the solid-state battery industry chain. However, the industry generally believes that the gradual transition from semi-solid to all-solid will remain the research direction for power batteries in the future. Wu Hui also mentioned: "Semi-solid batteries do not have a particularly significant improvement in battery energy density." Although many enterprises are actively producing semi-solid-state batteries now, they will definitely take the all-solid-state route in the future.

Industry insiders point out that in the future, with the continuous advancement of technology and the impetus of the market, solid-state batteries are expected to become an important part of the energy storage field. Huatai Securities stated that the market for solid-state batteries is highly heated due to the expected mass production and application in low-altitude and other scenarios. Recently, the solid-state battery sector has been catalyzed continuously. On the one hand, news about the application of solid-state batteries in new energy vehicles and consumer electronics, as well as the release of new products, has been coming one after another. On the other hand, the possibility of solid-state batteries being applied in downstream fields such as low-altitude aircraft has drawn attention. At present, the turning point for the mass production and application of solid-state batteries is accelerating.

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